防火墙(Firewall)也称防护墙,是由Check Point创立者Gil Shwed于1993年发明并引入国际互联网(US5606668(A)1993-12-15)防火墙是位于内部网和外部网之间的屏障,它按照系统管理员预先定义好的规则来控制数据包的进出。防火墙是系统的第一道防线,其作用是防止非法用户的进入。
初始化防火墙
Username:admin
Password:*****
The password needs to be changed. Change now? [Y/N]: y
Please enter old password: [email protected]123
Please enter new password: [email protected]
Please confirm new password: [email protected]<FW1> system-view // 进入系统视图
[FW1] sysname FW1 // 给防火墙命名
[FW1] undo info-center enable // 关闭日志弹出功能
[FW1] quit
<FW1> language-mode Chinese // 将提示修改为中文
Change language mode, confirm? [Y/N] y
提示:改变语言模式成功.
<FW1> system-view
[FW1] web-manager enable // 开启图形管理界面
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.0.1 24 // 给接口配置IP地址
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] service-manage all permit // 放行该端口的请求
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] display this
<FW1> system-view // 进入系统视图
[FW1] user-interface console 0 // 进入console0的用户配置接口
[FW1-ui-console0] authentication-mode password // 使用密码验证模式
[FW1-ui-console0] set authentication password cipher Admin1234 // 设置密码为Admin1234
[FW1-ui-console0] quit // 退出用户配置接口
FW1> system-view [FW1] telnet server enable // 开启Telnet支持
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 // 选择配置接口
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] service-manage telnet permit // 允许telnet
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[FW1] user-interface vty 0 4 // 开启虚拟终端
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] protocol inbound telnet // 允许telnet
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] authentication-mode password // 设置为密码认证模式
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] set authentication password cipher Admin@123 // 设置用户密码[USG6000V1] firewall zone trust // 选择安全区域
[USG6000V1-zone-trust] add interface GE0/0/0 // 添加到安全区域
<FW1> system-view // 进入系统视图
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 // 进入接口配置
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.0.1 24 // 配置接口IP
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] service-manage telnet permit // 允许telnet
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] service-manage ping permit // 允许ping
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit //退出[FW1] firewall zone trust // 进入trust安全域配置
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 // 把GE0/0/0加入到trust安全域
[FW1-zone-trust] quit[FW1] telnet server enable // 启用telnet服务
[FW1] user-interface vty 0 4 // 进入vty0-4的用户配置接口
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] authentication-mode aaa // 使用AAA验证模式
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] user privilege level 3 // 配置用户访问的命令级别为3
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] protocol inbound telnet // 配置telnet
[FW1-ui-vty0-4] quit // 退出用户配置接口[FW1] aaa // 进入AAA配置视图
[FW1-aaa] manager-user lyshark // 创建用户vtyadmin
[FW1-aaa-manager-user-lyshark] password cipher [email protected]123 // 配置用户密码
[FW1-aaa-manager-user-lyshark] service-type telnet // 配置服务类型
[FW1-aaa-manager-user-lyshark] quit // 退出[FW1-aaa] bind manager-user lyshark role system-admin // 绑定管理员角色
[FW1-aaa] quit // 退出AAA视图
[FW1] display ip interface brief // 查默认接口信息
[FW1] display ip routing-table // 显示路由表
[FW1] display zone // 显示防火墙区域
[FW1] display firewall session table // 显示当前会话
[FW1] display security-policy rule all // 显示安全策略
防火墙基本配置
Username:admin
Password:*****
The password needs to be changed. Change now? [Y/N]: y
Please enter old password: [email protected]123
Please enter new password: [email protected]
Please confirm new password: [email protected]<USG6000V1> system-view // 进入系统视图
[USG6000V1] sysname FW1 // 给防火墙命名
[FW1] undo info-center enable // 关闭日志弹出功能
[FW1] quit
<FW1> language-mode Chinese // 将提示修改为中文
[FW1] web-manager enable // 开启图形管理界面
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] service-manage all permit // 放行该端口的请求
<FW1> system-view
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] undo shutdown
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit# -------------------------------------------------------
[FW1] firewall zone trust // 将前两个接口加入trust区域
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 // 选择外网接口
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown // 开启外网接口
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0 // 配置IP地址
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] gateway 10.10.10.20 // 配置网关
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo service-manage enable
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit# -------------------------------------------------------
[FW1] firewall zone untrust // 选择外网区域
[FW1-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 // 将接口加入到此区域
[FW1] security-policy // 配置安全策略
[FW1-policy-security] rule name lyshark // 规则名称
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] source-zone trust // 原安全区域(内部)
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] destination-zone untrust // 目标安全区域(外部)[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] source-address any // 原地址区域
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] destination-address any // 目标地址区域
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] service any // 放行所有服务
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] action permit // 放行配置
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] quit
[FW1] nat-policy // 配置NAT地址转换
[FW1-policy-nat] rule name lyshark // 指定策略名称
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-lyshark] egress-interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 // 外网接口IP
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-lyshark] action source-nat easy-ip // 源地址转换
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-lyshark] display this
[FW1] firewall zone untrust // 选择外网区域
[FW1-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 // 将接口加入到此区域# ----NAT规则---------------------------------------------------
# 外网主机访问10.10.10.10主机自动映射到内部的192.168.2.2
[FW1] firewall detect ftp
[FW1] nat server lyshark global 10.10.10.10 inside 192.168.2.2 no-reverse# ----放行规则---------------------------------------------------
[FW1] security-policy // 配置安全策略
[FW1-policy-security] rule name untrs-trs // 规则名称
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] source-zone untrust // 原安全区域(外部)
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] destination-zone trust // 目标安全区域(内部)
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] action permit // 放行配置
[FW1-policy-security-rule-lyshark] quit
NAT 地址转换
<FW1>system-view
[FW1]undo info-center enable# ----配置IP地址-----------------------------------------------
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit# ----加入到指定区域--------------------------------------------
[FW1] firewall zone trust
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0[FW1] firewall zone dmz
[FW1-zone-dmz] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 10.10.10.10 8[FW1] firewall zone untrust
[FW1-zone-dmz] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
# ----配置源NAT转换---------------------------------------------
[FW1] nat-policy // 配置NAT地址转换
[FW1-policy-nat] rule name lyshark // 指定策略名称
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-lyshark] egress-interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 // 外网接口IP
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-lyshark] action source-nat easy-ip // 源地址转换
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-lyshark] display this# ----放行相关安全策略------------------------------------------
[FW1] security-policy
[FW1-policy-security] rule name trust_untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule] source-zone trust
[FW1-policy-security-rule] destination-zone untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule] action permit
# ----NAT规则---------------------------------------------------
# 外网主机访问10.10.10.10主机自动映射到内部的192.168.2.2
[FW1] firewall detect ftp
[FW1]nat server lyshark global 10.10.10.10 inside 192.168.2.2 no-reverse# ----放行规则---------------------------------------------------
[FW1] security-policy // 配置安全策略
[FW1-policy-security] rule name untrs-DMZ // 规则名称
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrs-DMZ] source-zone untrust // 原安全区域(外部)
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrs-DMZ] destination-zone trust // 目标安全区域(内部)
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrs-DMZ] destination-address 192.168.2.2 24
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrs-DMZ] service any
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrs-DMZ] action permit // 放行配置
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrs-DMZ] quit
配成交换机(透明模式)
# ----配置LSW1交换机--------------------------------------------
<Huawei> system-view
[LSW1] vlan 10 // 创建VLAN10
[LSW1] quit
[LSW1] interface Ethernet 0/0/1 // 将该接口配置为trunk
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 // 加入到vlan 10
[LSW1-Ethernet0/0/1] quit[LSW1] port-group group-member Eth0/0/2 to Eth0/0/3
[LSW1-port-group] port link-type access
[LSW1-port-group] port default vlan 10
[LSW1-port-group] quit# ----配置LSW2交换机--------------------------------------------
<Huawei> system-view
[LSW2] vlan 20
[LSW1] quit[LSW2] interface Ethernet 0/0/1
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 20
[LSW2-Ethernet0/0/1] quit[LSW2] port-group group-member Eth0/0/2 to Eth0/0/3
[LSW2-port-group] port link-type access
[LSW2-port-group] port default vlan 20
[LSW2-port-group] quit
[FW1] vlan 10
[FW1-vlan10] quit
[FW1] vlan 20
[FW1-vlan20] quit# ----配置防火墙接口地址-----------------------------------------
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] portswitch
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port link-type trunk
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] port trunk allow-pass vlan 10[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] portswitch
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type trunk
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 20# ----分别给VLAN配置IP地址---------------------------------------
[FW1]interface Vlanif 10
[FW1-Vlanif10]
[FW1-Vlanif10]ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
[FW1-Vlanif10]alias vlan 10
[FW1-Vlanif10]service-manage ping permit[FW1] interface Vlanif 20
[FW1-Vlanif20]
[FW1-Vlanif20] ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
[FW1-Vlanif20] alias vlan 20
[FW1-Vlanif20] service-manage ping permit
[FW1]firewall zone trust
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface Vlanif 10
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface Vlanif 20
主备双机热备
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 将默认防火墙规则,设置为允许所有
[FW1] security-policy
[FW1-policy-security] rule name anyall // 指定规则名称
[FW1-policy-security-rule-anyall] source-zone any // 源地址允许所有
[FW1-policy-security-rule-anyall] destination-zone any // 目标地址允许所有
[FW1-policy-security-rule-anyall] action permit // 放行
[FW1-policy-security-rule-anyall] quit
[FW1-policy-security] quit# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 将指定的接口加入到指定的区域内
[FW1] firewall zone trust // 选择trust区域
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 // 添加内部的端口
[FW1-zone-trust] quit
[FW1] firewall zone untrust // 添加untru区域
[FW1-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 // 添加外部接口
[FW1-zone-trust] quit
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW1
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 // 选择内部接口
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.253 24 // 配置防火墙IP
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] service-manage ping permit // 开启接口ping
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.10.10.20 8
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] service-manage ping permit
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW2
[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 // 选择内部接口
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.254 24 // 配置防火墙IP
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] service-manage ping permit // 开启接口ping
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 10.10.10.30 8
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] service-manage ping permit
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW1
[FW1] nat-policy // 配置NAT地址转换
[FW1-policy-nat] rule name tru_untr // 指定策略名称
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-tru_untr] egress-interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 // 外网接口IP
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-tru_untr] action source-nat easy-ip // 源地址转换
[FW1-policy-nat-rule-tru_untr] display this# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW2
[FW2] nat-policy // 配置NAT地址转换
[FW2-policy-nat] rule name tru_untr // 指定策略名称
[FW2-policy-nat-rule-tru_untr] egress-interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 // 外网接口IP
[FW2-policy-nat-rule-tru_untr] action source-nat easy-ip // 源地址转换
[FW2-policy-nat-rule-tru_untr] display this
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW1
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 // 选择内部接口
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.1 active // 配置虚拟接口为主
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 // 选择外部接口
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.10.10.10 active
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW12
[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0 // 选择内部接口
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.1 standby // 配置虚拟接口为备
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/0] quit[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 10.10.10.10 standby
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW1
[FW1] hrp enable
HRP_S[FW1] hrp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 remote 172.16.1.2 // 指定接口和对端IP
HRP_M[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 // 选择虚拟接口
HRP_M[FW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 172.16.1.1 24 // 配置本端IP地址# ------------------------------------------------------------
# 配置防火墙FW2
[FW2] hrp enable
HRP_S[FW2] hrp standby-device
HRP_S[FW2] hrp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 remote 172.16.1.1
HRP_S[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
HRP_S[FW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 172.16.1.2 24
HRP_M[FW1] display hrp state
Role: active, peer: standby
Running priority: 45000, peer: 45000
Core state: normal, peer: normal
Backup channel usage: 0.00%
Stable time: 0 days, 0 hours, 0 minutes
Last state change information: 2019-05-06 1:37:41 HRP core state changed, old_s
tate = abnormal(active), new_state = normal, local_priority = 45000, peer_priori
ty = 45000.HRP_S[FW2] display hrp state
Role: standby, peer: active
Running priority: 45000, peer: 45000
Core state: normal, peer: normal
Backup channel usage: 0.00%
Stable time: 0 days, 0 hours, 1 minutes
Last state change information: 2019-05-06 1:37:42 HRP link changes to up.
配置负载均衡
[FW1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]service-manage ping permit
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]service-manage http permit
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit[FW1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ip address 10.10.10.10 8
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]service-manage ping permit
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]service-manage http permit
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]quit
[FW1]firewall zone trust
[FW1-zone-trust]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[FW1-zone-trust]quit[FW1]firewall zone untrust
[FW1-zone-untrust]add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-zone-untrust]quit
[FW1]security-policy
[FW1-policy-security]rule name any_trust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-any_trust]source-zone any
[FW1-policy-security-rule-any_trust]destination-zone trust[FW1-policy-security-rule-any_trust]service http
[FW1-policy-security-rule-any_trust]service icmp
[FW1-policy-security-rule-any_trust]action permit
[FW1] slb enable // 启用SLB服务
[FW1] slb // 进入SLB配置视图
[FW1-slb] group 1 WebServer // 创建服务器组webServer
[FW1-slb-group-1] metric weight-least-connection // 使用加权轮询算法# -------------------------------------------------------
// 以下为真实服务设置 IP地址 端口 权重值 别名//[FW1-slb-group-1] rserver 1 rip 192.168.1.2 port 80 weight 1 description server1
[FW1-slb-group-1] rserver 2 rip 192.168.1.3 port 80 weight 1 description server2
[FW1-slb-group-1] rserver 3 rip 192.168.1.3 port 80 weight 1 description server3
[FW1-slb-group-1]
[FW1-slb-group-1] health-check type icmp tx-interval 5 times 3 // 配置服务健康检查参数
[FW1-slb-group-1] persistence type source-ip aging-time 180 // 配置会话保持时间
[FW1-slb-group-1] quit // 返回SLB视图
[FW1-slb]
[FW1-slb] vserver 1 WebServer // 创建虚拟服务器WebServer
[FW1-slb-vserver-1] protocol tcp // 配置虚拟服务器的协议类型
[FW1-slb-vserver-1] vip 1 10.10.10.100 // 设置虚拟服务器IP地址
[FW1-slb-vserver-1] vport 80 // 设置虚拟服务器端
[FW1-slb-vserver-1] group WebServer // 关联真实服务器组
[FW1-slb-vserver-1] quit // 返回SLB视图
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