Table of Links

Abstract and Introduction

Related work

Motivation and Problem Formulation

Deductively Verifiable Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

Experiments

Limitations

Conclusion, Acknowledgements and References

A Deductive Verification with Vicuna Models

B More Discussion on Improvements of Deductive Verification Accuracy Versus Improvements on Final Answer Correctness

C More Details on Answer Extraction

D Prompts

E More Deductive Verification Examples

In this section, we describe our process to extract the final answer from language models’ responses. The process begins by selecting the last three non-empty lines. Then, these lines are processed through the following pipeline:

1. Firstly, we use a list of regular expressions to identify "No-Answer" patterns within the text, such as "we cannot answer (this|the) question". This process helps us ascertain whether the model can provide a conclusive answer. If any such patterns appear in the text, we mark "No answer!" as the final answer. However, if we don’t detect these patterns, we proceed to the next steps for extracting the final answer.

2. Secondly, if any "Answer-Split" patterns are found in the text, we divide the text into several blocks using the identified pattern. The last block of text is then utilized for extracting the answer.

3. Lastly, we use regular expressions, as outlined in Tab. 11, to scan the remaining text for possible final answers. If multiple matches are found for the pattern, we select the first match as the final answer. If no pattern matches are found in the remaining text, we default the final response to "No answer!".

“No-Answer” Patterns: "we cannot provide an answer to this question with (this|the) given information", "we cannot answer (this|the) question", "we cannot determine", "we can’t determine", "we do not have enough information to answer (this|the) question", "we do not have enough information to provide a definitive answer to (this|the) question", "the answer(.*?)is unknown", "answer is not listed among the answer choices".

“Answer-Split” Patterns: "answer is", "final answer:", "answer to the question is", "answer to this question is", "concatenated letters are", "concatenate the letters -", "The answer of ".